Effect of sugar substitutes on carbohydrate metabolism and their possible role in the development of type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Aim. The effect of fructose, a natural sugar substitute, on the amount of glucose and insulin in the blood of
rats was studied under experimental conditions.
Material and method. 25 white male experimental rats weighing 160–180 g were selected. Synthetic
fructose dissolved in distilled water in the amount of 600 mg/kg was administered orally to experimental
rats. The research was conducted using biochemical, immunoassay and statistical methods. The amounts
of glucose, insulin, total protein, albumin, ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-direct
lipoprotein (HDL), low direct lipoprotein (LDL), Na, Ca, K elements were determined from the blood serum of experimental animals.
Results. On the 15th day of the experiment, the amount of glucose in the blood serum of the animals
increased by 29,3% compared to the control indicator, and on the 30th day by 59,5%. At day 30, these
increases were statistically significant (p>0,05). The amount of insulin increased by 88,5% (p>0,001) from
the control indicator on the 15th day of the experiment, and by 68,9% (p>0,001) on the 30th day. When
the body weight of the animals was checked, it was found that it increased by 10,9% on the 15th day, and
24,4% on the 30th day compared to the control group. Increased body weight, significant increase in glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride and low-direct lipoproteins led to the development of hyperglycemia
and obesity.
Conclusion. Fructose, a sugar substitute, plays a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Also, fructose affects the metabolism of fats in the body and can be one of the main reasons for the development of
obesity.