Современные подходы к лечению острой кишечной непроходимости

Ф.А. Хаджибаев, Т.Т. Мансуров, Г.К. Элмуродов, Б.И. Шукуров

Abstract

A review of modern literature on the issues of conservative and surgical treatment of acute intestinal obstruction
(AIO) is presented. There have been published data on the efficacy and safety of the administration of watersoluble contrast agents, which correlates with a significant decrease in the need for surgical intervention in
patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction, as well as with a significant reduction in the time for resolving
AIO and the length of hospital stay. With volvulus of the sigmoid colon, the use of colonoscopy allows not only
to assess the viability of the intestine, but also to achieve its detorsion, the effectiveness of which ranges from
70 to 95%, and the frequency of complications does not exceed 4%. In the arsenal of conservative treatment of
colonic obstruction, self-expanding metal stents are also used, which are preferred over colostomy. In recent
decades, the laparoscopic method of adhesiolysis was introduced, which helped to reduce the incidence of
postoperative complications in patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction.